The Sixteenth Amendment states, “The Congress shall have the Power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among…
The “three-fifths compromise” refers to the agreement among the framers of the U.S. Constitution that produced the opening sentence of Article I, Section 2,…
The power to “provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States,” more briefly called the spending power, is significantly lodged…
McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010) revisited the incorporation debate that was central to American constitutionalism during the 1950s and 1960s…
The United States, unlike most other national governments, is a government of limited powers. In theory, it possess only those powers specifically granted it…
Article I, Section 8, provides, “The Congress shall have Power . . . To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for…
The U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) authorizes Congress “to regulate commerce . . . among the several states”; this is the…
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution to guarantee women’s rights and equality under the law. The amendment…
Article I, Section 10, of the Constitution provides, “No state shall . . . pass any law impairing the Obligation of Contracts.” Often overlooked…
As it emerged from the Philadelphia convention in the fall of 1787, the proposed new Constitution of the United States did not contain a…
On June 14, 1787, William Paterson, delegate from New Jersey, rose in the Convention on behalf of a coalition of delegates who desired to…
The Connecticut Compromise was a proposal in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 to create a bicameral legislature composed of a Senate, with equal representation…
On May 12, 1912, the Seventeenth Amendment, replacing indirect election of the U.S. senators by state legislatures with direct election by the people, was…
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